1,305 research outputs found
From vacuum fluctuations across an event horizon to long distance correlations
We study the stress energy two-point function to show how short distance
correlations across the horizon transform into correlations among asymptotic
states, for the Unruh effect, and for black hole radiation. In the first case
the transition is caused by the coupling to accelerated systems. In the second,
the transition is more elusive and due to the change of the geometry from the
near horizon region to the asymptotic one. The gradual transition is
appropriately described by using affine coordinates. We relate this to the
covariant regularization used to evaluate the mean value of the stress energy.
We apply these considerations to analogue black holes, i.e. dispersive
theories. On one hand, the preferred rest frame gives further insight about the
transition, and on the other hand, the dispersion tames the singular behavior
found on the horizon in relativistic theories.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures, new section on growth of correlation
Formation of a sonic horizon in isotropically expanding Bose-Einstein condensates
We propose a simple experiment to create a sonic horizon in isotropically
trapped cold atoms within currently available experimental techniques.
Numerical simulation of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation shows that the sonic
horizon should appear by making the condensate expand. The expansion is
triggered by changing the interaction which can be controlled by the Feshbach
resonance in real experiments. The sonic horizon is shown to be quasi-static
for sufficiently strong interaction or large number of atoms. The
characteristic temperature that is associated with particle emission from the
horizon, which corresponds to the Hawking temperature in an ideal situation, is
estimated to be a few nK.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures; Final version, accepted to Phys.Rev.
Quantum Non-Gravity and Stellar Collapse
Observational indications combined with analyses of analogue and emergent
gravity in condensed matter systems support the possibility that there might be
two distinct energy scales related to quantum gravity: the scale that sets the
onset of quantum gravitational effects (related to the Planck scale) and
the much higher scale signalling the breaking of Lorentz symmetry. We
suggest a natural interpretation for these two scales: is the energy
scale below which a special relativistic spacetime emerges, is the scale
below which this spacetime geometry becomes curved. This implies that the first
`quantum' gravitational effect around could simply be that gravity is
progressively switched off, leaving an effective Minkowski quantum field theory
up to much higher energies of the order of . This scenario may have
important consequences for gravitational collapse, inasmuch as it opens up new
possibilities for the final state of stellar collapse other than an evaporating
black hole.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures. v2: Partially restructured; potentially
observable consequence added. Several clarifications + 3 new references. To
appear in Found. of Phy
Quasi-normal mode analysis in BEC acoustic black holes
We perform a quasi-normal mode analysis of black hole configurations in
Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). In this analysis we use the full Bogoliubov
dispersion relation, not just the hydrodynamic or geometric approximation. We
restrict our attention to one-dimensional flows in BEC with step-like
discontinuities. For this case we show that in the hydrodynamic approximation
quasi-normal modes do not exist. The full dispersion relation, however, allows
the existence of quasi-normal modes. Remarkably, the spectrum of these modes is
not discrete but continuous.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
Causal sets and conservation laws in tests of Lorentz symmetry
Many of the most important astrophysical tests of Lorentz symmetry also
assume that energy-momentum of the observed particles is exactly conserved. In
the causal set approach to quantum gravity a particular kind of Lorentz
symmetry holds but energy-momentum conservation may be violated. We show that
incorrectly assuming exact conservation can give rise to a spurious signal of
Lorentz symmetry violation for a causal set. However, the size of this spurious
signal is much smaller than can be currently detected and hence astrophysical
Lorentz symmetry tests as currently performed are safe from causal set induced
violations of energy-momentum conservation.Comment: 8 pages, matches version published in PR
Hawking radiation in dispersive theories, the two regimes
We compute the black hole radiation spectrum in the presence of
high-frequency dispersion in a large set of situations. In all cases, the
spectrum diverges like the inverse of the Killing frequency. When studying the
low-frequency spectrum, we find only two regimes: an adiabatic one where the
corrections with respect to the standard temperature are small, and an abrupt
one regulated by dispersion, in which the near-horizon metric can be replaced
by step functions. The transition from one regime to the other is governed by a
single parameter which also governs the net redshift undergone by dispersive
modes. These results can be used to characterize the quasiparticles spectrum of
recent and future experiments aiming to detect the analogue Hawking radiation.
They also apply to theories of quantum gravity which violate Lorentz
invariance.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figure
Analog black holes in flowing dielectrics
We show that a flowing dielectric medium with a linear response to an
external electric field can be used to generate an analog geometry that has
many of the formal properties of a Schwarzschild black hole for light rays, in
spite of birefringence. We also discuss the possibility of generating these
analog black holes in the laboratory.Comment: Revtex4 file, 7 pages, 4 eps figures, a few changes in presentation,
some references added, conclusions unchange
Analog model for an expanding universe
Over the last few years numerous papers concerning analog models for gravity
have been published. It was shown that the dynamical equation of several
systems (e.g. Bose-Einstein condensates with a sink or a vortex) have the same
wave equation as light in a curved-space (e.g. black holes). In the last few
months several papers were released which deal with simulations of the
universe.
In this article the de-Sitter universe will be compared with a freely
expanding three-dimensional spherical Bose-Einstein condensate. Initially the
condensate is in a harmonic trap, which suddenly will be switched off. At the
same time a small perturbation will be injected in the center of the condensate
cloud.
The motion of the perturbation in the expanding condensate will be discussed,
and after some transformations the similarity to an expanding universe will be
shown.Comment: Presented at the 4th Australasian conference on General Relativity
and Cosmology, Monash U, Melbourne, 7-9 January 200
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